Academic Integrity at Kenyon College

Honesty in Academic Work

Kenyon College is, at the core, an intellectual community of scholars — students and faculty — engaged in the free and open exchange of ideas. Simultaneously, we are part of a larger world of writers and artists, scientists, innovators and researchers, all participating in wide-ranging conversations that sustain us intellectually and develop new knowledge. Critical to this lively exchange and deep engagement with ideas is the academic integrity of our work, both inside and outside the classroom.

As students in this community, all your work — tests, papers, artistic projects, experiments, etc. — is part of this common intellectual pursuit. Therefore, every piece of work you produce is your own contribution to our collective scholarly conversation. It must represent your own research, ideas, data, words and analysis. For all of us, learning from other scholars, artists, scientists, or fellow students is essential to the process of education. While engaged in that process, it is critical to recognize the sources and bases from which you have derived your work and ideas. You must therefore take personal responsibility for all of your work and give appropriate acknowledgement and credit to all sources from which you have drawn information, ideas, or language. These are sentiments common across academic communities and, indeed, these paragraphs are inspired by statements of academic integrity made by many of peer institutions such as Grinnell College, Denison University, Ohio Wesleyan University, Williams College, Davidson College and the College of Wooster.

At Kenyon, we expect all students, at all times, to submit work that represents these standards of academic integrity. It is the responsibility of each student to learn and practice the proper ways of documenting and acknowledging their sources. Ignorance and carelessness are not excuses for academic dishonesty. Maintaining a climate of academic integrity requires all members of our intellectual community to abide by these principles and to hold one another accountable by reporting those who violate our standards of conduct.

At the outset of all courses, Kenyon faculty and staff should clearly specify some of the more common forms that academic infractions may take in the particular kinds of work required in their courses, and should always respond to student inquiries about these matters. Faculty members who assign work to be done collaboratively or otherwise encourage collaboration among students should be clear about their expectation for collaborative efforts, especially group writing assignments, presentations, and homework. Faculty members who assign work involving artificial intelligence should clarify the parameters for allowable uses of it. Detailed information regarding these expectations should be provided by faculty members, and students should take note of particular policies in each course. Instructors are responsible for detecting instances of academic infractions, and for dealing with suspected instances according to the procedures adopted by the faculty and described below. These procedures are designed to make the responsibility of judging and penalizing those who commit academic infractions a collegiate matter.

Alleged instances of academic infractions can be reported by any member of the community. A student who suspects an academic infraction presents the evidence to the instructor or department chair. A staff member or an instructor who suspects a student of an academic infraction presents the evidence to the chair of the department or program. (If the instructor is the department chair, they shall select another member of the department — preferably a former chair — to act as chair for the purpose of these procedures.) 

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Cheating

Cheating is the use of unauthorized, prohibited or unacknowledged material in an academic exercise. It includes obtaining copies of a test, quiz, etc. in advance, copying someone else’s paper, having someone else do your assignment, using notes, calculators, books, artificial intelligence or other resources to complete an assignment without permission of the instructor, changing an assignment after it is marked and then misrepresenting that fact to an instructor.

Fabricating

Fabricating is making up data, results, information, or numbers and recording and reporting them (Tricia Bertram Gallant, "Academic Integrity in the 21st Century," Jossey-Bass, 2008, p. 10). It also includes changing data to meet your hypothesis, faking sources, claiming to have consulted sources you did not consult, manipulating illustrations or dates on sources, or using standard results found on line.

Plagiarizing

Plagiarizing is the representation of words, ideas, figures or material from other sources (print, digital, audio, and visual, including material generated by artificial intelligence) as one’s own.

Plagiarism may be as small as five words or as much as the entirety of an assignment. It includes the cutting and pasting of language from the internet, or any other source, into a paper without proper acknowledgment. Material inadvertently used without citation is still plagiarized, even if accidentally plagiarized. Material generated by artificial intelligence and used without citation or contribution is plagiarized unless otherwise specified by assignments, syllabi, and/or instructors. Preventing plagiarism requires correctly citing all direct quotes, paraphrases, and ideas taken from other sources. 

(See also plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism)

Facilitating Academic Dishonesty

Allowing one’s own work to be used by others or aiding others, in any manner, in the commission of an academically dishonest act is also a violation of academic integrity. This includes any act that helps someone else “cheat,” “fabricate” or “plagiarize.” It also includes selling your work to anonymous users or letting others you know use your work. Examples are sharing test questions or answers (without faculty permission), completing an assignment for someone else, providing written papers for others, and allowing or assisting others to copy answers. 

Unauthorized Collaboration

Unauthorized collaboration results from working with others without the specific permission of the instructor on assignments that will be submitted for a grade. This includes sharing the task of writing up a lab without the explicit permission of the instructor. It also includes collaboration on take-home tests and assignments without the knowledge of the instructor. Unauthorized collaboration can be a form of cheating or plagiarizing.

Multiple Submissions

This refers to submitting the same work to two instructors without their permission. This can include the submission of your own work written in a previous semester without the professor’s knowledge or submitting the same work to two different professors for similar assignments (“self plagiarism”).

The goal of this policy is to provide a clear and just process for upholding the academic integrity standards of Kenyon College.  It is designed to be both fair and formative, balancing education with appropriate sanctions. The process starts when a faculty member, staff, or student believes that a violation may have occurred. All members of the community have a responsibility for maintaining the high academic standards of our institution.

Outlined below are the guidelines for handling violations of the Academic Integrity policy. 

Tier 1 Cases

Tier 1 cases result from a student’s misinterpretation or misunderstanding of instructions or citation procedures, minor lapse in judgment, and/or lack of knowledge of proper academic procedures.

Examples include but are not limited to:

  • Inappropriate collaboration on minor assignments (as defined by the instructor and chair).
  • Minor, careless or inadvertent use of information, text or images from any source-- including (but not limited to) books, journal articles, blog posts, online exhibitions, websites, or artificial intelligence generated texts.
  • Inadequate or careless acknowledgment, attribution, or citations of information, a quotation, or an idea from any source.
  • Close paraphrasing or verbatim use of a brief passage from any source without attribution or citation

An instructor who discovers a possible Tier 1 case should bring it to the attention of the department chair as soon as possible, typically within 24 hours. The instructor and chair should together discuss the Tier 1 criteria and submit the AIB Referral Form, indicating (per their discretion in relation to the evidence) why they believe it meets the criteria and what they deem the appropriate penalty to be. The AIB Referral Form, along with supporting evidence, will then be screened by the Provost Office to determine if the student has any prior cases, before being forwarded to the AIB Chairs for their review. The AIB Chairs may use the student’s prior AIB infractions, if any, in their deliberations. If, after this review phase, the AIB Chairs agree on the Tier 1 scope of the alleged infraction and the penalty proposed by the instructor and department chair, the case will be handled pursuant to the Tier 1 procedures outlined below. The AIB Chairs may also modify the proposed penalty while maintaining the Tier 1 designation. If the AIB Chairs decide that the allegation may fall outside the Tier 1 range, they will recommend that the case be reviewed by members of the AIB for a possible hearing.

If the AIB chairs agree that a case qualifies as a Tier 1, it will be handled by the department and the Associate Provost. Using a standard Tier 1 communication email, the chair should notify the student as quickly as possible (typically within 48 hours after conferring with the faculty member) about the concerns raised over the assignment(s), and schedule a meeting as expeditiously as possible with the faculty member and the student to discuss the case. With multiple students involved, each will be handled as a separate case, and thus the students will be contacted and adjudicated individually. In Tier 1 cases, the student has the right to request a hearing before the AIB rather than meeting with the instructor and the department chair. If a student fails to attend a scheduled meeting with the department chair and instructor or otherwise fails to participate in the Tier 1 process, the case will go immediately to the AIB. Students may consult with their faculty advisor or another faculty or staff member of their choice about their options, and/or request their attendance at the meeting. Until the case is resolved, the student may not seek to drop, withdraw from, or change the grading status of the course in which the actions occurred.

At the Tier 1 meeting between the course instructor, department chair, student, and (optional) advisor, all evidence should be shared with the student, and the student should be given an opportunity to respond. Because the purpose of the meeting is to educate the student about academic procedures and integrity, the chair and instructor should discuss the importance of academic integrity and explain how the student can avoid making similar mistakes on future assignments. At the end of the meeting, the department chair will provide the student with the Tier 1 Acknowledgment Form, explaining the consequences of a Tier 1 violation and informing them of their right to request an AIB hearing instead of signing the form. If the student opts for an AIB hearing, the case goes to AIB. Otherwise, the student, instructor, and chair should all sign the form as a record that the meeting has been held. Within three (3) days of the meeting, the completed form along with supporting evidence must be filed (either in hard copy or electronically) by the department chair with the Office of the Provost.

The Associate Provost will review the form, evidence, and sanction. Absent procedural or other inconsistencies, the Associate Provost will send a confirmation to the student, course instructor, and department chair summarizing the outcome. Within three days of this notification, the student must either reply to the email to indicate that they accept the sanction or appeal to the Provost. In the case of an appeal, the student carries the burden of establishing that the decision is patently unfair or unjust. The Provost may decline to hear an appeal that fails to state specific grounds for review of the decision. 

Given its educational purpose, the appropriate sanction for a Tier 1 case will be determined, in consultation between the instructor, department chair, and the AIB Chairs, by the weight/type of the assignment, the nature of the infraction, and any additional factors that may have bearing on the case, such as class year, any mitigating or aggravating circumstances, timing, precedent, and any prior infractions. Possible sanctions may include, but are not limited to, a warning without penalty, a redo of the assignment, or a point deduction, up to, and including, a zero on the assignment. As with all cases of academic integrity, the penalty shall be calibrated to the scale and scope of the violation in its larger context. A Tier 1 violation will not become part of their permanent record after graduation or be reported as such.

Tier 2 Offenses

Tier 2 offenses are those that indicate a more significant breach of trust. Possible examples include but are not limited to:

  • Copying work of others on an exam or allowing other students to copy your work
  • Using unauthorized sources, resources or assistance in completing an exam, paper, or project, including (but not limited to) calculators, reference books, apps, smartphones, or artificial intelligence for generated text, information or images or providing unauthorized sources, resources or assistance to another student
  • Reproducing large portions of work, text or images without proper attribution
  • Fabrication of source material or data
  • Multiple submissions of the same work for two courses without explicit approval from both instructors (“self-plagiarism”)
  • Multiple Tier 1 offenses, depending on the context and nature of the infractions 

Per AIB procedures, if a course instructor suspects an academic infraction, the first step is to meet with the department chair to discuss the evidence as soon as possible after the alleged infraction has been discovered. If the department chair and course instructor agree to move the case forward, the next step is to submit the AIB Referral Form, which will be screened by the Provost Office to determine if the student has any prior infractions before sending to the AIB Chairs for their review, which, in turn, will provide the basis for possible further consideration by members of the AIB and a potential hearing to determine whether an infraction has occurred and to what degree, including at Tier 2. 

Given that a Tier 2 infraction presents a more serious violation than a Tier 1, the penalty shall be determined accordingly, taking into account the weight/type of the assignment, the nature of the infraction, and any additional factors that may have bearing on the case, such as class year, any mitigating or aggravating circumstances, timing, precedent, and any prior infractions. Possible sanctions may include, but are not limited to, a significant point deduction on the assignment (i.e., equal to one letter grade or more), a zero on the assignment, a double zero on the assignment, a failing grade for the class, one or more letter grade deduction for the overall course grade, or a zero on the assignment plus a full or half letter grade deduction (or more) at the end of the semester for the overall course grade, based on the calculated grade after the imposed assignment penalty in relation to the calendar date when it occurred. As with all cases of academic integrity, the penalty shall be calibrated to the scale and scope of the violation in its larger context.

Tier 3 Offenses

Tier 3 offenses reflect egregious or repeated acts of dishonesty. Possible examples include but are not limited to:

  • False appropriation of major work (e.g., extensive plagiarism, purchasing a paper from another source; extensive unattributed use of artificial intelligence for generated text, information, or images; presenting another student’s previously submitted work as your own; or providing your own work for another student to submit)
  • Unauthorized acquisition of current exam material
  • Multiple Tier 2 offenses, depending on the context and nature of these infractions 
    Per AIB procedures, if a course instructor suspects an academic infraction, the first step is to meet with the department chair to discuss the evidence as soon as possible after the alleged infraction has been discovered. If the department chair and course instructor agree to move the case forward, the next step is to submit the AIB Referral Form, which will be screened by the Provost Office to determine if the student has any priors before sending to the AIB Chairs for their review, which, in turn, will provide the basis for possible further consideration by members of the AIB and a potential hearing to determine whether an infraction has indeed occurred and to what degree, including at Tier 3.

Given that a Tier 3 infraction constitutes the most egregious violation possible, the penalty shall be determined accordingly, taking into account the weight/type of the assignment, the nature of the infraction, and any additional factors that may have bearing on the case, such as class year, any mitigating or aggravating circumstances, timing, precedent, and any prior infractions. Possible sanctions may include, but are not limited to, a failing grade for the course, immediate suspension, or expulsion from the college. That is to say, as with all cases of academic integrity, the penalty shall be calibrated to the scale and scope of the violation in its larger context.

Appeals

A student who believes the verdict or the penalty issued by the AIB is unfair has the right to appeal to the Provost within three days of receipt of the letter notifying them of their penalty. The scope of the appeal ordinarily shall be limited to whether the decision is supported by the manifest weight of the evidence contained in the record of the charges and subsequent hearing or departmental discussion.

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Any case put forward for a hearing by the AIB following procedures based on review of the AIB Referral Form and supporting materials, or if recommended as a Tier 1 case, one in which the student prefers to have the case heard by the AIB, will be followed by a hearing before the AIB. The procedures below apply for all AIB cases.

Typically (see exceptions below), if the infraction accusation is accepted for a hearing by the AIB during a period in the academic calendar when the full Board cannot be constituted, the accused student may choose (1) to have the case heard and decided by the available faculty members of the Board, or (2) to have the case heard and decided by the full Board when that body can be fully convened. If the accused student chooses this latter procedure, for the interim their transcript will show an "NG" for the course for which an academic infraction case is pending. In rare situations where a Board member has a conflict of interest, the Board member will be recused and an alternate will be selected from among other AIB members.

If a case could not ever be heard by the full Board — when, for example, the student is on the verge of graduating — the Associate Provost in charge of supervising the work of the AIB, in consultation with available members thereof, may hear cases. When a case might likely result in suspension or expulsion, the hearing process should proceed, in some form heretofore outlined, without the standard allowances (described above) for deferral on the part of the student.

The student must decide whether or not to address the alleged infraction. The student has the right to appear before the Board to provide a rebuttal to the charges or offer an explanation regarding the alleged infraction. If the student chooses not to address the accusation, then the AIB will base its judgment on only the material from which the charges arise and the collegiate records of the accused student. If the student wishes to present any other information to the AIB, then the student must answer the allegation and go through the full hearing as outlined below. Answering the allegation, then, is not necessarily to "plead innocent," but only to exercise the right to present information that may be relevant to either the question of guilt or the question of appropriate punishment.

1. Initial consideration of an allegation by the AIB

When submitting the AIB Referral Form, the department chair will also submit to the Provost’s Office all evidence that bears on the infraction: the student's work and available documentation supporting the allegation. Based on this material and in consideration of any priors, the AIB Chairs will determine if the case has sufficient merit for further review by the AIB, which will then decide, using only the evidence submitted, whether or not there is reasonable cause to believe an academic infraction has occurred. This process should be completed within one week of receiving the allegation and documentation.

The Board may decide that there is reasonable cause to proceed with a formal hearing. In this case, the AIB chair will notify the student, the department chair, the instructor, the Dean of Academic Advising, and the Associate Provost of the conclusion. The notification letter will ordinarily include the formal charge and a description of the student’s responsibilities going forward. It will also specify the date, time, and location of the hearing and of the pre-hearing meeting (see below).

Alternatively, the Board may find that the evidence does not provide reasonable cause to believe that a hearing or Tier 1 is warranted, at which point the case may be dismissed. A report to this effect will be sent to the Associate Provost charged with overseeing the work of the AIB, and the Associate Provost will, in turn, inform the course instructor and department chair of the outcome.

1.1 The Hearing Process

1.1.1 The pre-hearing meeting

Following notification of the allegation, the Dean for Academic Advising and Support will hold a meeting with the accused student and the AIB chair. The purpose of this meeting is to thoroughly review each step of the entire process, from allegation through the hearing, and to address potential consequences and the right to appeal the Associate Provost’s decision. The student should have ample opportunity to ask procedural questions of either the Dean or the AIB chair. The student has 48 hours following the meeting with the Dean to submit the name of a hearing advisor chosen from the faculty or staff in the academic division or student affairs division. If the student names no hearing advisor, the Dean will either serve in this role or select someone else to do so.

1.1.2 The hearing

1.1.2.1 Phase I of the hearing

In the first phase of the formal hearing, members of the AIB will meet together with the student, the department chair, the instructor, and the student's hearing advisor (chosen from the faculty or staff in the Academic Division or Student Affairs Division). Other participants may also be called by the AIB to provide information bearing on the case. All participants will answer questions asked by members of the AIB. It is the student's obligation to present a response. The role of the hearing advisor is to ask clarifying questions and to advise the student, not to present a defense. Similarly, the instructor and department chair respond to the queries of the AIB; they are not to conduct an examination of the student.  The hearing will be closed to anyone not listed above, and neither the student nor the College may be represented by legal counsel at AIB proceedings.

Phase I of a hearing will be recorded with an audio recording device by the AIB chair, and the recording will be sent to the Office of the Provost. The primary purpose of this audio recording is to maintain a complete and accurate record of the hearing, especially for clarifying details in the event of an appeal. 

1.1.2.2 Phase II of the hearing

In the second phase of a hearing, the AIB must determine whether an academic infraction has occurred. The Board will deliberate in private and decide (1) whether the student is guilty of an academic infraction and (2) the degree of culpability. A finding of guilt must be established by a preponderance of the evidence, which can include the testimony of the involved parties and any other information or testimony the Board deems relevant.

For each hearing of the AIB, the Provost Office will prepare a case file containing the student's academic transcript and stating the student's previous violations of academic integrity, if any, and whether the student is on conditional enrollment. The AIB may consider this information in assessing penalties. The Board may, in assessing a penalty, consider whether such a penalty will have any practical effect upon the student's academic record and recommend such action that it deems just and appropriate, consistent with guidelines specified above. A report of the hearing, including any recommended penalties, will be sent to the Associate Provost charged with overseeing the work of the AIB as soon as possible after the hearing. (If the Associate Provost charged with overseeing the work of the AIB is involved in the case itself, an Associate Provost who is not otherwise a participant in the case will assume responsibility in their stead.)

1.1.3 Events following the hearing

That Associate Provost will review the Board’s report to ensure that appropriate procedure and precedent were followed in the case. If all is in order, the Associate Provost will issue a formal decision letter announcing the outcome of the case. The formal decision letter will be sent to the student as soon as possible, typically within one week of the hearing date, copying the AIB members, the student's hearing advisor, the student's faculty advisor, the instructor(s) of the pertinent course, the pertinent department or program chair(s), the administrative assistant to the Associate Provosts, the Dean of Student Development, the Dean for Academic Advising and Support, and the Registrar. For international students, the Dean for Global Engagement will be notified after a hearing date has been set and copied on the decision letter after the hearing process has concluded. The primary reason for this notification is to enable a College representative to work with the students to understand the possible immigration consequences of being found guilty of an academic infraction.

It is the responsibility of the Associate Provost to see that the final decision of the AIB is carried out. A student who believes that the verdict or the penalty is unfair has the right to appeal to the Provost within three business days of the receipt of the letter from the Associate Provost. The scope of the appeal to the Provost ordinarily shall be limited to whether the decision of the Board is supported by the manifest weight of the evidence contained in the record of the charges and subsequent hearing. The student carries the burden of establishing, whether by information previously made known to the Board at the hearing or through newly discovered evidence, that the decision is patently unfair or unjust. The Provost may decline to hear an appeal that fails to state specific grounds for review of the Board's decision. When an appeal occurs, the AIB Chairs, the Associate Provost, the Dean for Academic Advising and Support, and the Dean for Student Development should be informed of the appeal (when filed) and the results of the appeal (when concluded). These communications may be handled directly by the Provost or the administrative staff in the Office of the Provost.

Materials collected for an academic hearing will be delivered to the Office of the Provost, where they will remain at least until all students charged have graduated or withdrawn from the College.

A student accused of a Tier 1 case may not drop the course in question while the charges are pending. The student may elect to drop the course after the conclusion of the Tier 1 case per standard College policy and procedure.

However, in Tier 2 or 3 cases, a student against whom charges have been brought for an academic infraction may not, while such charges are pending nor after being found responsible for an infraction, seek to drop, withdraw from, or change the grading status to a pass/D/fail basis in any course for which charges were brought. If a student withdraws from the College before the rendering of a final decision in an academic infraction case, the academic infractions process will be suspended, and the academic transcript entry for the current semester will include the notation “Institutional Action Pending” when the Registrar posts the semester grades. At that point, the student will receive “NG” (No Grade) for the course in which the infraction was alleged. The academic infractions process will resume if and when the student returns to the College. A student's withdrawal from the College while charges are pending, or any time after the rendering of a decision in an academic infraction case, will not preclude the addition of such information to the student's records maintained by the College.

The Office of the Provost may periodically review infractions and actions recommended, and that information can be used, without reference to specific students, in reports to the Committee on Academic Standards, in training sessions for new members of AIB, and in releases to campus.